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Martial epigrams

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Martial

"Martialis" redirects here. For other uses including other ancient Romans with the cognomen, see Martialis (disambiguation).

For other uses, see Martial (disambiguation).

1st-century Latin poet from Hispania

Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial; March, between 38 and 41 AD – between 102 and 104 AD) was a Roman and Celtiberian^[1] poet born in Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperorsDomitian, Nerva and Trajan. In these poems he satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances, and romanticises his provincial upbringing. He wrote a total of 1,561 epigrams, of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets.

Martial has been called the greatest Latin epigrammatist,^[2]^[3] and is considered the creator of the modern epigram.

Early life

Knowledge of his origins and early life are derived almost entirely from his works, which can be more or less dated according to the well-known events to which the

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Martial

(Marcus Valerius Martialis)
40–102

FAMOUS ROMANWRITERS

Valerius Martialis was part of a literary circle in Rome that thrived near the turn of the first century, sometimes called the Silver Age of Latin literature. He was born in Spain, into fairly modest circumstances, but as a young man, moved to Rome. His first patrons were Seneca and Lucan, whose families were also from Spain. Both however, were put to death as a result of a conspiracy against Nero. His later patrons included the Flavian emperors, Pliny the Younger, Juvenal, and Quintilian. Martial was primarily known for his epigrams, which were very witty, short sayings. Epigrams were sometimes written on monuments or tombstones, and in an age when writing was difficult, were highly valued. He was also known as a wit, and was a frequent guest at fashionable homes in Rome. Martial first became known for a collection of poems entitled Liber Spectaculorum, that was published 81 A.D. in honor of the Flavian Colosseum. This was followed by two collections of short mottos, entitled Xenia

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Marcus Valerius Martialis, known in English as Martial, was a Latin poet from present-day Spain, best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between 86 and 103 C.E. Martial is considered the father of the modern epigram; his short, witty poems—1,561 in all—provide brief, vivid, and often extraordinarly humorous portraits of members of the Roman populace. Martial wrote a number of epigrams for emperors, generals, heroes, among others; but what perhaps marks him as the most innovative epigrammatist in ancient history is that he also, frequently, took ordinary people for his subjects. Martial wrote epigrams on slaves and senators alike, and his work surveys, and satirizes, every level of the Roman social strata. Martial's epigrams, with their brevity and wit, have often fared better in translation and over the centuries than dense epics and lyrics of his fellow ancient Romans. He remains one of the most enduringly popular of all Latin poets, and he is credited, to this day, as one of the most influential satirical poets of all time.

Early life

Know