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John Batman

Australian settler and explorer

John Batman (21 January 1801 – 6 May 1839) was an Australian grazier, entrepreneur and explorer, who had a prominent role in the founding of Melbourne.

Born and raised in the then-British colony of New South Wales, Batman settled in Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania) in the 1820s, where he rose to prominence for hunting bushrangers and leading massacres of Aboriginal people in the Black War.

He later co-founded the Port Phillip Association and led an expedition which explored the Port Phillip area on the Australian mainland with the goal of establishing a new settlement. In 1835, Batman negotiated a treaty with Aboriginal people in Port Phillip by offering them tools, blankets and food in exchange for thousands of hectares of land. However, the treaty was declared void by the government and it has been disputed by Aboriginal descendants. This expedition ultimately resulted in the founding of Melbourne, eventual capital of Victoria and one of Australia's largest and most important cities. Batman moved to the

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In 1835, John Batman declared that he had negotiated a “treaty” to claim the lands of the people of the Kulin Nation.

However, this ‘treaty’ was not valid under European law or Kulin lore and is now recognised by many in the Victorian Aboriginal Community as an attempt to disadvantage the people of the Kulin Nation. While it is recognised as being an invalid treaty, it will be referenced as ‘Batman’s Treaty’ in this article for consistency.

Details of the ‘treaty’

On 6 June 1835, John Batman met with a group of Wurundjeri leaders near a small stream. The exact location is not known but some historians believe it is likely to be along the Merri Creek in what is now Northcote.

Batman had recently come to Kulin Country from Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) where he had been a key figure in the dispossession, colonisation and violence against Aboriginal people. During the time of the Black War between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the early 1830s, he participated in the Black Line – a brutal campaign to drive Tasma

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In 1835, John Batman attempted to make a treaty with Melbourne's Aboriginal owners. Here's what happened

In 1835, a group of men led by a grazier from Tasmania, John Batman, met with Kulin leaders in an apparent attempt to lease – or purchase — an extraordinary area of land stretching from modern-day Melbourne to Geelong.

The intentions of Batman – and the Kulin leaders who met with him, including Wurundjeri Woiwurrung ngurungaeta or clan head man Billibellary, have been subject to the enduring scrutiny of historians and First Nations people.

Batman's exchange – understood to include blankets, tools and food in return for 600,000 acres of land, was quickly struck down by the colonial government.

His recognition as a pioneer of the area now known as Melbourne has soured, with many modern historians critical of the highly unequal terms on which Batman and his associates took the land and the devastation that followed for First Peoples.

A federal electorate bearing his name was retitled in 2018, following a community campaign noting his involvement in massacr